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Saturday, March 21, 2009

.NET Framework and Languages

As mentioned on the .NET Framework page, .NET Framework is designed for cross-language compatibility.
Cross-language compatibility means .NET components can interact with each other irrespective of the languages they are written in. An application written in VB .NET can reference a DLL file written in C# or a C# application can refer to a resource written in VC++, etc. This language interoperability extends to Object-Oriented inheritance.

This cross-language compatibility is possible due to common language runtime. As you read on the .NET Framework page, when the .NET program is compiled, the output of the compiler is not an executable file but a file that contains a special type of code called the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). This MSIL is a
low-level language which is designed to be read and understood by the common language runtime. Because all .NET executables exist as IL, they can freely operate. The Common Language Specification defines the minimum standards that .NET language compliers must confirm to. Thus, any code compiled by a .NET complier can interoperate with the .NET Framework.

The Common Type System (CTS) defines the rules concerning data types and ensures that code is executed in a safe environment. Since all .NET applications are converted to IL before execution all primitive data types are represented as .NET types. This means that, a VB Integer and a C# int are both represented in IL code as System.Int32. Because both the languages use a common and interconvertible type system, it is possible to transfer data between components and avoid time-consuming conversions.

Languages supported by .NET Framework

The table below lists all the languages supported by the .NET Framework and describes those languages. The languages listed below are supported by the .NET Framework upto the year 2003. In future there may be other languages that the .NET Framework might support.
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